3/17/2023 0 Comments Caffeinated![]() Specifically, loss to follow-up was assessed as an item in the NOS for individual studies. The scale ranges from 0 to 9 points, with higher points indicating higher study quality. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the study quality of the included articles. If a study only reported caffeinated coffee consumption instead of total coffee consumption, caffeinated coffee consumption was also included in the total coffee consumption analysis. ![]() If studies based on the same cohort were published several times, only the most recent article was selected. The following data were extracted from each study: first author’s name, year of publication, geographical location, follow-up time, sex, age, number of type 2 diabetes events, number of participants, categories of coffee consumption, type of assessment of type 2 diabetes, covariates adjusted for in the multivariable analysis, and RRs for all categories of coffee consumption. One author (M.D.) assessed study eligibility and extracted the data, and another (M.C.) independently double-checked the available data. Since the publication of these meta-analyses, 10 additional prospective studies on the association between coffee consumption and diabetes have been published ( 6, 8, 10, 12, 18– 23). ( 15) included 18 prospective studies and found an inverse monotonous association between the number of cups of coffee consumed and diabetes risk, but they double-counted data from the same cohort ( 16, 17). van Dam and Hu ( 14) included nine cohort studies and reported a lower risk of type 2 diabetes for high coffee consumption compared with no coffee consumption with little between-study heterogeneity. Two previous meta-analyses of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes have been published. In subsequent years, this finding has been confirmed in most ( 4– 10) but not all ( 11– 13) studies. An inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes was first reported in a Dutch population ( 3). Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world thus, investigating its association with various diseases has important public health implications.
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